By Lauren Means
In 2024, Tennessee found itself at the epicenter of a national conversation on LGBTQ+ rights. Amid legislative challenges, the LGBTQ+ community demonstrated remarkable resilience, cultural growth, and activism, celebrating victories that reaffirmed hope and solidarity. Despite Tennessee’s restrictive political environment, the community achieved significant strides in representation, advocacy, and cultural impact, underscoring the indomitable spirit of individuals and organizations striving for a more inclusive future.
Legislative Assault on LGBTQ+ Rights
Tennessee’s legislative session in 2024 was one of the most contentious in recent history. 40 anti-LGBTQ+ bills were being watched that covered prison healthcare restrictions, school restrictions, restrictions of expression, religious exemptions, healthcare age restrictions, healthcare barriers, forced outings in schools, drag bans, and more.
Of the 40 bills, five passed the House and Senate to make their way to the Governor’s desk and were signed into law.
Gender-Affirming Care Ban for Minors
Among the most controversial laws was a ban on gender-affirming healthcare for minors. This legislation prohibited treatments like puberty blockers and hormone therapy for transgender youth, sparking outrage from medical professionals, human rights organizations, and families. Critics, including the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), have filed lawsuits challenging the law, arguing it violates constitutional protections and established medical standards.
Federal Court Victories: Drag Law Overturned
One of the most uplifting moments came in the form of a legal victory when, on June 2, federal courts struck down Tennessee’s law targeting drag performances. This law, widely criticized for its potential to stifle free expression, was declared unconstitutional, marking a win for the LGBTQ+ community. Drag performers and allies celebrated the decision as a reaffirmation of their right to express themselves without fear of government interference.
A few months later, a judge in East Tennessee blocked the law from being enforced in the Eastern District of the state. However, on July 18, 2024, the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals reversed the Tennessee court’s decision and allowed the law to go into effect. The lawsuit in the Eastern District is still pending, and the AEA is still blocked from being enforced there
These rulings set a legal precedent for future cases challenging similar laws.
The Legal Fightback
A key moment in the year was the escalation of United States v. Skrmetti, a legal challenge to Tennessee’s ban on transgender healthcare. This case, which has the potential to set a national precedent, underscores the significance of Tennessee’s legal battles. Civil rights groups like the Human Rights Campaign (HRC) and Lambda Legal have joined the fight, emphasizing that the case’s outcome could influence similar legislation across the country.
Federal courts have so far provided a buffer against the most extreme aspects of Tennessee’s anti-LGBTQ+ legislation, but the ongoing legal battles illustrate the fragility of rights won in previous years. With national attention on Tennessee, the outcome of these legal challenges could reverberate far beyond the state.
Grassroots Resistance and Community Resilience
In response to legislative attacks, Tennessee’s LGBTQ+ community and allies mobilized in unprecedented ways. Activism reached new heights, with rallies, protests, and advocacy campaigns uniting diverse groups under a common cause.
Protests and Visibility
Major protests in Nashville, Memphis, and other cities throughout the year, including the powerful “Protect Trans Youth” rallies, drew thousands of participants advocating for transgender rights. These demonstrations became symbols of hope and resistance, uniting LGBTQ+ activists with healthcare professionals, educators, and faith leaders to demand justice and equality. The energy and unity of these events highlighted the intersectionality of the movement and sent a clear message that the LGBTQ+ community would not be silenced or marginalized.
Mutual Aid and Support Networks
As families with transgender children encountered barriers to accessing care due to restrictive laws, mutual aid networks stepped in to provide crucial support. Organizations expanded their efforts, offering legal resources, emotional support, financial aid for medical care, and even relocation assistance to families seeking gender-affirming care in more inclusive states. These grassroots initiatives underscored the power of community solidarity and collective action, highlighting the essential role of mutual support in the face of institutional discrimination.
Cultural Resistance and Pride Celebrations
Despite the legislative hostility, 2024 also saw moments of joy and cultural resistance. Pride events across the state took on heightened significance, becoming not just celebrations but acts of defiance and solidarity.
Nashville Pride: A Rallying Cry
Nashville Pride 2024 drew record crowds, transforming into a powerful demonstration of unity. Organizers emphasized the event’s dual role as a celebration and a protest, with speeches from prominent activists and performances from LGBTQ+ artists. The event highlighted the resilience of the community and its refusal to be silenced.
Statewide Pride Festivals Grow
In 2024, we saw the return of many pride festivals across the state. We saw the addition of two new Middle Tennessee area pride festivals, four new festivals in East Tennessee, and the return of Jackson Pride in West Tennessee. In all, there were over 22 pride festivals with more expected in 2025.
Theater and Drag Flourish Despite Challenges
Theater groups and drag performers continued to thrive despite legislative attempts to restrict their activities. Innovative performances and drag shows drew large audiences, with many venues partnering with advocacy organizations to turn events into fundraisers for LGBTQ+ rights. The success of these events demonstrated the resilience of Tennessee’s artistic community and its determination to create inclusive spaces for self-expression.
First Rainbow Crosswalk in Middle Tennessee
In June, Nashville unveiled a permanent rainbow crosswalk at the intersection of 14th and Woodland Streets in East Nashville, near the Lipstick Lounge. This project, a collaboration among the Metro Nashville LGBTQ Caucus, Councilmember Clay Capp, NDOT, and Nashville Pride, represents a symbol of inclusion and was officially unveiled on June 29, 2024, with the community invited to participate in painting it.
However, shortly after its installation, the crosswalk was vandalized when a man poured black paint over it. Authorities identified the suspect, Isaiah D. Tester, thanks to a Crime Stoppers tip. He was charged with vandalizing government property and later admitted to the act. The crosswalk has since been restored, reaffirming the community’s commitment to resilience and inclusivity.
Two LGBTQ+ Historical Markers Placed in Nashville
A historical marker was dedicated to Warehouse 28, one of Nashville’s earliest gay bars, on June 14. This bar, which operated during a time when LGBTQ+ spaces were scarce and often underground, served as a refuge for the community. The marker commemorates Warehouse 28’s role in providing a safe space for social connection and activism during a challenging era for LGBTQ+ people.
On September 20, Jackie Shane, a pioneering Black transgender soul singer from the 1960s, was honored with a historical marker at 2601 Jefferson Street. Shane overcame significant adversity, including racism and transphobia, to become a celebrated performer in the U.S. and Canada. The ceremony featured remarks from city officials, Shane’s family, and community leaders, along with live musical performances. The dedication recognizes Shane’s courage, authenticity, and lasting impact on music and LGBTQ+ history in Nashville.
These two markers bring the total in Tennessee to four total including one for Penny Campbell erected in 2017 and one for The Jungle and Juanita’s “Nashville’s First Gay Bars” which was dedicated in 2018.
Corporate and Educational Controversies
The political climate also impacted education and corporate engagement with LGBTQ+ issues. Schools became battlegrounds over curriculum content, and corporations faced difficult decisions about how to engage with or distance themselves from Tennessee’s legislative direction.
Book Bans and Curriculum Restrictions
Efforts to remove books with LGBTQ+ themes from school libraries intensified, igniting debates over censorship and academic freedom. Educators and librarians found themselves at the center of a national debate, with some facing threats for defending inclusive education. This continues to be an ongoing battle.
Corporate Reactions
Major corporations with a presence in Tennessee faced public pressure to take a stand on the state’s anti-LGBTQ+ legislation. Some chose to issue statements of support for LGBTQ+ employees and communities, while others remained silent, drawing criticism from activists. There were some, like Tractor Supply Company, who double downed and outright revoked all participation in DEI and LGBTQ+ events just weeks after being a nominee for the Tennessee Pride Chamber’s Corporate Partner of the Year at the 2024 Pride in Business Awards. The ongoing dialogue about corporate responsibility highlighted the broader cultural tensions surrounding LGBTQ+ rights in conservative regions. This topic continues to be an ongoing issue with corporate businesses.
Looking Ahead: A Community United in Hope
As 2024 draws to a close, Tennessee’s LGBTQ+ community reflects on a year marked by both trials and triumphs. Despite ongoing legislative challenges, the resilience of activists, artists, youth, and allies has fostered hope, with legal victories and cultural milestones demonstrating that progress is possible even in the face of adversity. As 2025 approaches, the fight for equality remains critical, with the community steadfast in its commitment to justice. Bolstered by national support and strengthened by grassroots activism, Tennessee’s LGBTQ+ community is determined to confront the challenges ahead and build a more inclusive and equitable future.
